Here goes the list of our posts on Thermal Physics and related topics and subtopics.
Electronic thermometers & their functional principles
Many thermometers today are electronic. Let's see how different types of electronic thermometers are made and what are their working principles. 1 ) Most contain a tiny bead of a ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
How kinetic theory of gases explains the gas laws?
The kinetic theory can explain the behavior of gases. The kinetic theory of gases explains the gas laws, as well. Here, we will study a few of such explanations. a) ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Gas constants and their relationships
Gas Constants & their values The Avogadro constant (NA) = 6.02 × 1023 particles per moleThe molar gas constant or universal gas constant (R) = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1The Boltzmann ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
How to derive the value of R (Universal Gas Constant)
The Combined Gas Law or Gas Equation is as follows: PV / T = constant (K) ......... (1) The value of this constant K changes if the volume of the ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Describing phase change in terms of molecular behaviour
In this post, we will describe the change of state (phase change) in terms of molecular behavior. When solids that do not melt are heated, the thermal energy supplied overcomes ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Graphs for state change or phase change | change of state – graphs
In this post, we will study the Graphs for state change (phase change graphs or change of state graphs). We have already studied the keywords related to the state change ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Thermodynamics – Formula bank
In this post, we present 30 formulas from the Thermodynamics chapter (class 11 physics). This formula bank is going to help you to find the formulas in a single place ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Change of state – some keywords & definitions
In this post, we defined some keywords related to 'change of state' or Phase change. These words include terms like critical point, triple point, etc. The three states of matter ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Latent heat and specific latent heat – definitions & concepts
In this post, we will discuss the fundamentals of latent heat and specific latent heat. latent heat - definition Latent heat is the amount of energy released or absorbed by ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Internal Energy of a System – revision notes
On the basis of the kinetic theory of matter, we can discuss the concept of internal energy as the sum of the energies of individual components/constituents. This includes kinetic energy ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Carnot cycle processes of Carnot engine
The Carnot cycle represents the cycle of processes for a theoretical heat engine with the maximum possible efficiency. Such an idealized engine is called a Carnot engine. Here in this ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
How do refrigerators and air conditioners work? | work and heat flow
In this post, we will briefly discuss (1) how refrigerators work, & (2) How Air conditioners work. Work and Heat flow diagram of refrigerator and air-conditioner is also presented here ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
The Carnot Engine
In this post, we will discuss the concepts of the Carnot engine. We will also cover subtopics like Assumptions made for the Carnot engine, the existence of the Carnot engine(if ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
What is the third law of thermodynamics?The third law of thermodynamics states that absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature, can never be reached. The entropy of a system is zero ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Entropy as Probability – most disorder state is the most probable one
In this post, we will discuss how we can consider Entropy as Probability. We have already covered entropy (disorder) when we discussed the 2nd law of Thermodynamics. There is a ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Heat Engines
This post talks of an important topic of the Thermodynamics chapter of Physics. We talk here about Heat Engines, their definition, examples of heat engines, internal combustion engines, internal combustion ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
The Second Law of Thermodynamics & Entropy
To understand the Second Law of Thermodynamics it's essential to understand the concept of Entropy. Once we get an idea of entropy with an example, we will discuss 3 different ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
P–V diagram & calculation of work done
In this post, we will discuss how the P-V diagram can help us to calculate the work done by a system or on a system. We will derive the equation ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Heat capacity & Specific heat capacity – explanation & measurement
In this post, we will first go for the definitions, formulas, units, and explanations of Specific Heat Capacity & Heat Capacity. Then we will see how to measure Specific heat ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Conduction of Heat – study notes
Conduction is a mode of transmission of heat where heat flows from the hot end to the cold end and particles of the medium simply oscillate but do not leave ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Heating effect of electric current class 10 – formulas & Numerical
In this post, we will discuss the Heating effect of electric current (class 10) and list down the Heating Effect formulas or Equations of electric power and energy. And, then ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Numerical problems on the first law of thermodynamics
In this post, we will solve a few numerical problems using the First Law of Thermodynamics. Numerical problems on first law of thermodynamics Question number 1) Complete the values in ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Thermodynamic energy model & First law of thermodynamics
In this post, we will draw the Thermodynamic energy model to relate heat in, work done on the system, heat out, and work done by the system. Before that, we ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Specific latent heat of vaporization – revision notes
Latent heat is needed to change a liquid into a vapour (during vaporization). Let's discuss on Specific latent heat of vaporization in detail. role of latent heat of vaporization If ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Specific latent heat of fusion – REVISION NOTES
The specific latent heat of fusion (lf) of a substance is the quantity of heat needed to change the unit mass of it from solid to liquid without temperature change ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
What is a Bimetallic strip & what are its uses?
If equal lengths of two different metals, such as copper and iron, are riveted together so that they cannot move separately, they form a bimetallic strip (Figure 1). figure 1: ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Conduction, Convection, & Radiation – Energy transfer during heating & cooling
There are three different processes through which energy can be transferred during heating and cooling: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through a substance as a ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Internal energy of a substance – Definition and Different forms
To describe the total energy of the molecules in a substance, we need to take into account both the kinetic energies and the potential energies. This is called the internal ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Temperature scales and absolute temperature
The temperature scales that we use today were designed for simplicity and easy reproduction. The Celsius temperature scale is used throughout the world and is a good example of how ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Molecular theory of solids, liquids, and gases to explain their shape and volume
The molecular theory of solids, liquids, and gases explains the reason behind their shape and volume. Let's find out how in the next paragraph. figure 1 figure 2 ( showing ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
The gas laws | Statement, Formula, graph of Charles’ law, Boyle’s Law & Pressure law
The gas laws tell us the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume of gases. The gas laws can be stated in a convenient form for calculations when absolute temperatures are ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
How to explain the anomalous expansion of water in simple words?
In the case of fluids, with the rise of temperature, the volume increases. Therefore, the density decreases. But, water expansion shows an anomalous behavior for a specific temperature zone. As ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Thermal conductivity definition, formula, and Thermal conductivities of some common materials
In this post, we will find out the definition of thermal conductivity and its formula. We will also see a table containing thermal conductivity values for selected materials. We will ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
What are Heat Capacity and Specific Heat? | comparison | Specific Heat Data table | numerical problems solved
In this post, we will discuss Heat Capacity and Specific heat, their relationship, comparison, Specific heat data tables, and formula. We will also solve a few numerical problems based on ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
First Law of Thermodynamics – so easy to understand?
Here in this post, we will cover the first law of thermodynamics. It basically talks about the effects of heat transfer in terms of internal energy and work done. As ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Thermal Conductivity Derivation| Dimension of thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity of a material (designated as k) is the measure of how quickly heat energy is transferred or conducted from one end of the material to the other end ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and thermal equilibrium
This post is on Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. To discuss this we will begin with a briefing on the definition of Thermodynamics and the concepts of Thermal Equilibrium in the ...
Continue Reading
Continue Reading