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Geometric Optics – Hub of related Posts

Here goes the list of our posts on Geometric Optics and related topics and subtopics.

Verification of Snell’s law of refraction (and hence finding the refractive index of glass)

This experiment is on the Verification of Snell’s law of refraction (and hence finding the refractive index of glass). Experiment: Verification of Snell’s law of refraction Apparatus: light box, glass ...

Refractive Index Calculator – based on Snell’s Law

In this post, we present you with a Refractive Index Calculator that is based on Snell's Law. The Formula used: Refractive Index (n) = sin(Incident Angle) / sin(Refracted Angle) Refractive ...

Sign convention for Spherical Mirrors – class 10

Here we will present the New Cartesian Sign Convention for Spherical Mirrors for measuring various distances in the ray diagrams of spherical mirrors (convex mirrors and concave mirrors). Also read ...

Numericals of Light Class 10

In this post, you will find a set of Numericals of Light for Class 10. The solutions are given as well that would help you to get a good grasp ...

Magnification values and signs produced by a Lens & their implication | Lens Magnification rules

Let's see what the value and sign of the magnification of a lens tell us about the type of lens and image formed. 1) If the magnification ‘m’ has a ...

Uses of Concave Mirror

Usually, concave mirrors are used in torches, Searchlights, and headlights of vehicles to obtaina parallel beam of light. They are also employed as shaving mirrors to obtain a large image ...

Uses of Convex mirror

The mirror that we see on the side of a car, which the driver uses to see the image of vehiclesbehind him are convex mirrors. They are used as rear ...

Light Class 8 Numericals – solved numerical questions

In this post, we will solve Numerical problems based on the Light chapter of class 8 science. Here, first, we will go through the law of reflection & related formulas, ...

Wavelengths of 7 colors of VIBGYOR

The image below shows the wavelengths of 7 colors of VIBGYOR in nanometers. ColourWavelength in nanometerViolet [v]400-440Indigo [I]440-460Blue [B]460-500Green [G]500-570Yellow [Y]570-590Orange [O]590-620Red [Red]620-700Wavelengths of 7 colors of VIBGYOR Violet has ...

Twinkling of stars is an effect of atmospheric conditions on the refraction of light – explanation

The twinkling of stars is an effect of atmospheric conditions on the refraction of light. Here are the reasons: Apparent star position due to atmospheric refraction i. Stars are point ...

Numerical based on Lens Makers’ equation – solved

In this post, we will solve numerical problems based on Lens Makers' Equation. Here is our post on the equation used here which you can read: Lens Makers' equation. Numerical ...

Lens makers’ equation

Lens makers’ equation provides a relation between refractive index (n), focal length (f ), and radii of curvature R1 and R2 for a thin lens. Lens makers’ equation Here is ...

Real and Apparent depth Numerical problem – solved

Let's solve a numerical based on real depth, apparent depth, and refractive index. Also, you will get to know about the RI formula to be used to solve this. Real ...

Prove that Refractive index = Real depth/apparent depth

In this post, we will prove mathematically that Refractive index = Real depth/apparent depth. As an Illustration of refraction: 1) When seen from outside, the bottom of a water body ...

State using a neat diagram, what happens to the path of light when..

Q] State using a neat diagram, what happens to the path of lighti. when light ray passes from rarer to denser medium.ii. when light ray passes from denser to rarer ...

Magnification Produced by Lenses

In this post, we will define the Magnification produced by Lenses, and then see the formulas used to find the magnification. There are 2 ways to define and formulate the ...

Lens Formula | Spherical lens formula

Lens Formula - A formula that gives the relationship between image distance (v), object distance (u), and focal length (f ) of a lens is known as the lens formula ...

Sign convention for Spherical Lenses – class 10

Here we will present the New Cartesian Sign Convention for spherical lenses for measuring various distances in the ray diagrams of spherical lenses (convex lenses and concave lenses). Also read ...

Lens Numericals class 10 | Thin lens numerical solved

This post presents a set of Lens Numericals for class 10 with questions and answers. We will solve these Lens numerical problems with the help of lens sign convention and ...

Rules for the formation of images by Concave Lens – class 10

Here, in this post, we listed 2 rules for the formation of images by Concave Lens. After studying these, it will be easier to study the image formation by concave ...

Rules for the formation of images by Convex Lens – class 10

Here, in this post, we listed 3 rules for the formation of images by Convex Lens. After studying these, it will be easier to study the image formation by convex ...

Types of concave lens

A lens that is thin in the middle and thick at the edges is called a concave lens. The most common form of a concave lens has both surfaces depressed ...

Types of convex lens class 10

A lens that is thick at the center and thin at the edges is called a convex lens. The most common form of a convex lens has both surfaces bulging ...

Spherical Lens class 10 | Spherical Lenses

In this post, we have briefly discussed the topic of Spherical Lenses for class 10. Here we have covered what are spherical lenses, the types of spherical lenses, important terms ...

Spherical Mirror class 10

In this post, we will find out what Spherical Mirror is. We will define a spherical mirror, list down the uses of this type of mirror, and discuss its sign ...

What are hyperopia & myopia – symptoms, reasons, and fixes

Two of the most common vision problems are myopia and hyperopia where images of objects are not properly focused on the retina of the human eyes. To understand these let's ...

Harder Numerical problems based on SNELL’S LAW – in Light chapter physics

Here we have a set of numerical problems based on Snell's Law from the chapter 'Light' of fundamental physics. This numerical set is a bit harder to solve but certainly ...

[pdf] Geometrical Optics Grade 10 & grade 11 Notes download (10th & 11th Grade physics) | class 10 & class 12 physics notes on light & Geometrical Optics

This Geometrical Optics Notes [PDF download] is primarily for the grade 10 and grade 11 syllabus of different international boards. This also covers the physics syllabus for class 9 to ...

How to deviate light rays by 180 degrees with a prism?

Let's see how a light ray can be deviated by 180 degrees with the help of a prism. A total reflecting prism is used here to get a 180-degree deviation ...

How to deviate light rays by 90 degrees with a prism?

Let's see how a light ray can be deviated by 90 degrees with the help of a prism. A total reflecting prism is used here to get a 90-degree deviation ...

What is a total reflecting prism and when to use it?

What is a total reflecting prism? A right-angled isosceles prism that has a 90-degree angle and two 45-degree angles is known as a total reflecting prism. A total reflecting prism ...

How does a mirage form?

One of the most interesting effects of atmospheric refraction occurs in the mirage, which is usually associated with hot deserts. Mirage is the result of atmospheric refraction and total internal ...

How Total Internal Reflection happens in Optical fibres?

Optical fibres are used in medical endoscopes to see inside the body, and in communications to carry light signals. These fibres take the help of Total Internal Reflection of light ...

Why do diamonds sparkle when white light is directed at them?

Diamonds sparkle when white light is directed at them - the optical phenomenon behind this is Total internal reflection of light rays. Let's discuss this in details. Diamonds sparkle when ...

Ray Diagrams for Images formed by convex & concave lenses

Here in this post, you will get Ray Diagrams for Images formed by convex & concave lenses as a Quick Reference.Image formation by lenses is an interesting topic in the ...

Ray Diagrams for Images formed by concave & convex mirrors

Here in this post, you will get Ray Diagrams for Images formed by concave & convex mirrors as a Quick Reference.Image formation by spherical mirrors is an interesting topic in ...

Why is the angle of deviation different for different colours?

This post will cover why the angle of deviation is different for different colours. We will also see how the deviation angle, refraction angle, and refractive index are interrelated and ...

Violet is at the bottom of the spectrum made by Prism dispersion – Why?

Here we will discuss why violet is at the bottommost position of the spectrum made by the light emerging out of the prism on a white screen. This post is ...

Dispersion of Light through a Prism

In this post, we will learn what is meant by the dispersion of light. Then we will find out Why white light splits into seven colors when passing through a ...

Difference between Reflection and Total Internal Reflection of light

Total Internal Reflection and Reflection are two different phenomena related to Light. Here we will talk about the difference between Reflection and Total Internal Reflection of light. Difference between Reflection ...

Critical Angle for the diamond-air interface

Critical Angle for the diamond-air interface The Critical Angle for the diamond-air interface is 24 degrees. This means if the ray of light in the diamond medium strikes the separating ...

Critical Angle for the glass-air interface

The Critical Angle for the glass-air interface is 42 degrees. This means if the ray of light in the glass medium strikes the separating surface between glass and air making ...

List of Tutorials on Light (class 9 and 10 Physics-chapters on Light )

List of Tutorials on Light chapter (class 9 and 10 Physics) with content headers. Click the links and read the posts/topics to learn more. List of Tutorials on Light (class ...

Snell’s law and its importance to calculate the refraction of light – with equation

Snell's Law comes into action in the case of refraction of light, which is the change in direction of a light ray as it goes from one medium to another.As ...

Glass Prism as a refracting medium | angle of prism

In this post, we will just talk about some special features of prism that make it a suitable medium to test the refraction of light. Subtopics discussed: Glass Prism as ...

Comparing Refraction through a rectangular parallel surfaced glass block and Refraction through a glass prism

Compare Refraction through a rectangular parallel surfaced glass block and Refraction through a glass prism - a ray of light from the air when passes through a rectangular glass block ...

Lateral displacement of light due to refraction through the glass block

This post is going to explain the term Lateral Displacement of light which is related to the refraction of light. This phenomenon is observed when a ray of light gets ...

What are the total internal reflection and critical angle?

This post is on the total internal reflection and critical angle. Let's begin. What are the total internal reflection and critical angle? When a ray of light passes from denser ...

Refractive Index Numericals class 10 & practice problems

Refractive Index Numericals class 10 - In this post, we will solve a bunch of Numerical problems using the refractive index formulas (from the Light chapter in class 10 Physics) ...

Refractive Index (µ) of some common substances | Refractive Index Table

Here you will find a list of materials with their Refractive Index or Absolute Refractive Index values. These are extracted from Refractive Index Table or chart. Refractive Index (µ) of ...

What is Refractive Index? – definition & formula | Refractive Index sample values

What is Refractive Index? When a ray of light passes from the first medium to the second medium, the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first ...

Refraction of light – definition and important facts

Although light travels in straight lines in a transparent material, such as air, if it passes into a different material, such as water, it changes direction at the boundary between ...

Characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror

Here is the list of characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror.(i) The size of the image is the same as the size of the object.(ii) The distance ...

Refraction of Light: how does it depend on Optical Density of mediums?

Refraction of light is a phenomenon where light bends while moving from one medium to another, right at the surface separating these two mediums. Because of this when a pencil ...
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