Pushing a car, Newton’s 3rd Law and Friction
Last updated on April 16th, 2021 at 12:18 pm
Hope you have seen people pushing their car when it’s not starting due to some issue.
When someone is pushing a car or something like that, he first pushes the ground or floor obliquely backwards with his feet.
Following the ‘3rd law of Newton‘ the ground also exerts an equal and opposite force obliquely on the feet of the person.
A component of this Reaction Force is obtained horizontally in the forward direction.
It’s kind of a forward push which is generated by Friction or frictional force only as its opposing the intended backward motion of the feet.
Thus here using frictional force we are making ourselves capable to exert a forward push.
This person now transfers that forward push on the vehicle through his hands.
How frictional force helps in walking
Friction you face while pushing a car
Types of Friction you face
A resistive force called Friction acts opposite to this applied force and is generated between the tires of the vehicle and the road.
As the person starts pushing harder( i.e. the applied force by him starts rising), this Friction also starts rising equally (of course in the opposite direction) and the car is yet to move.
But this friction(of static type) has an upper limit beyond which it can’t rise anymore. This max value of the static frictional force is called Limiting Friction.
As the applied force goes beyond this limit, the vehicle starts rolling.
The friction which was resisting the applied force when the vehicle was not moving is called static friction.
When the car starts rolling there is still a frictional force between the tires and the road. It is called Rolling friction.
Remember that as the vehicle has tires it can move so easily defeating the frictional force.
Apart from Rolling friction and Static friction there is another type of friction and it is sliding friction.
If you drag something (not rolling) then this type of frictional force arises.
Out of these three types, rolling frictional force is the smallest in value and static frictional force is the largest.
Now you know why the tires are circular. Yes, to face the rolling frictional force which is the easiest to defeat.
Friction factors you need to know
Frictional force between 2 surfaces depends on 2 things:
1) Roughness of the surface makes the frictional force value high.
2) Frictional force value depends on the normal reaction i.e. the Reaction force given by the surface on the object, in the perpendicular direction.
Again this Normal Reaction depends on the weight and in turn on the mass of the object.
So simply we can say, heavier bodies with large mass will face greater friction while moving.
If frictional force is high because of these reasons, you need to apply more force to overcome this opposing force.